Variation in electric resistivity in metastable alloys during thermomechanical loading: Effects of temperature,elasticity, plasticity and phase transformation

301L metastable stainless steel is a ductile material in which there is strong coupling between plasticity and phase transformation, leading to strongly non-linear thermomechanical behaviour. To determine phase transformation kinetics, isothermal tensile tests at different temperatures were carried out and in situ voltage (electric resistance) was measured. We then chose an appropriate post-processing method based on observed voltage using strain and temperature. It was thus possible to determine the effect of temperature, elasticity, plasticity and phase transformation on the electric resistivity of the studied material. After identifying the effect of each strain mechanism, a volume phase fraction determination method based on electric resistivity variation was developed and used to determine the kinetics of phase transformation. Finally, we compared our results with those of two classic methods: the neutron diffraction method and the magnetic method.     

A Method of Estimating Variance Components in Unbalanced Designs

Another method of estimating variance components in the unbalanced case is presented for a general model with unbalanced population structure and unequal variances over the population. The method utilizes unweighted means and can be shown to give unbiased estimates when the numbers of observations are sampled and certain to be > 1. When the design is balanced the estimators coincide with the usual anova-estimators. The construction of estimators is exemplified for four situations with factors crossed and nested in different ways.     

(Y vs. X) or (log Y vs. X)?

The problem of choosing between the models Y = α + βX and log Y = α + βX is considered. The maximum likelihood method of Box and Cox is compared with the method of using correlation coefficients to make the choice between the two models. The methods are applied to some data from the field of metallurgy. Operating characteristics of the two methods are estimated by simulation. Over a wide range of parameters there is not much difference between the two methods, although there are parameter values for which the correlation method appears markedly inferior to the likelihood method. The likelihood method seems preferable in that it is based on a probability model; this enables the statistician to make a confidence statement about the choice of model.     

Statistical Analysis for Decision Making

In this article we consider a generalization of the univariate g-and-h distribution to the multivariate situation with the aim of providing a flexible family of multivariate distributions that incorporate skewness and kurtosis. The approach is to modify the underlying random variables and their quantiles, directly giving rise to a family of distributions in which the quantiles rather than the densities are the foci of attention. Using the ideas of multivariate quantiles, we show how to fit multivariate data to our multivariate g-and-h distribution. This provides a more flexible family than the skew-normal and skew-elliptical distributions when quantiles are of principal interest. Unlike those families, the distribution of quadratic forms from the multivariate g-and-h distribution depends on the underlying skewness. We illustrate our methods on Australian athletes data, as well as on some wind speed data from the northwest Pacific.     

Guide to Quality Control,Second Revised English Edition

We introduce a very general “forward” method of data analysis that starts from a small, robustly chosen subset of the data and shows the effect of adding observations by a forward search. Powerful diagnostic procedures result: The observations are ordered by their agreement with the proposed transformation, masking is overcome, and the inferential effect of each observation is clear. We apply the resulting method to the transformation of both univariate and multivariate data. Other applications of the forward search are mentioned.     

A physical mechanism based constitutive model for temperature-dependent transformation ratchetting of NiTi shape memory alloy: One-dimensional model

In this paper, the effect of test temperature on the transformation ratchetting of super-elastic NiTi shape memory alloy was first investigated in the cyclic tension-unloading tests. It is shown that all the residual strain, dissipation energy, the start stress of martensite transformation and their evolutions during the cyclic loading depend greatly upon the test temperature. Based on the experimental observations, a new one-dimensional constitutive model is constructed by considering two different inelastic deformation mechanisms (i.e., martensite transformation and transformation-induced plasticity). The proposed model employs a new evolution rule of transformation-induced plasticity which considers the physical mechanism of the plastic deformation, i.e., the dislocation slipping in the austenite phase near the austenite–martensite interfaces. Furthermore, the interaction between dislocation and martensite transformation is also taken into account in the proposed model. The capability of the proposed model to predict the uniaxial temperature-dependent transformation ratchetting of NiTi shape memory alloy is verified by comparing the predictions with the experimental data.     

基于BIM技术的输变电三维数字化模拟仿真分析

本文研究一种基于BIM技术的输变电三维数字化模拟仿真系统。基于系统运行调度BIM系统的需求,通过将输电系统设计、建设过程的BIM系统直接进行开发,且综合调用LINUX系统下的BIM、CAM、Java、MySQL、Python、php、H5等开发工具,实现以小波分析和傅里叶分析为前期数据治理过程,以模糊神经元网络为核心数据仿真分析过程的输变电三维仿真系统。通过对该系统进行运行分析,发现:一方面可以生成更贴近真实条件的波形数据,一方面可以对故障仿真实现与理论推算100%相符的仿真结果和对运行仿真与理论推算90%以上相符的仿真结果。该系统将有效提升智能输电的智能化水平,对输电工程的智慧化过程有积极意义。     

妥协与突破 从缪拉酒店看捷克当代建筑

文章指出捷克共和国因其国际化的视野和地理条件,与外界有便捷和频繁的交流,同时导致了资源的国际化分配以及寻找自我定位的焦虑。捷克当代建筑也是如此。位于捷克东北部山区的缪拉酒店以顺应周围山形起伏地貌的独特形状确立了一种明确的主导美学,在捷克建筑界引起了较大的争议。文章通过深入了解缪拉酒店的创作过程和理念,初步解读了捷克当代建筑的发展脉络与趋势。     

喇一负压原油稳定系统改造分析研究

天然气分公司喇一油气处理站拥有一套350×104 t/a负压原稳装置,是大庆六厂地区重要的产能装置,由于原油组分变贫、压缩机效率偏低、加热率控制系统不稳定等原因,目前该装置轻烃产量偏低。本文通过对该装置存在的问题进行分析,提出了合理的装置改造方案,为天然气分公司的轻烃上产工作做出了积极探索。